A 56 yo patient comes in with hypotension and the question comes up whether the patient will need fluids. You get a picture of the IVC and do an M Mode tracing to determine the volume status in this non intubated patient.
Based on the images, the estimated CVP would be…
0-5 mm Hg
6-10 mm Hg
11-15 mm Hg
16-20 mm Hg